with theological expansion reminiscent of Rom 1.2–6 (cf. 1 Cor 2.7; Col 1.26; 2 Tim 1.10 ).
God, who never lies, cf. v. 12 . Before the ages began, see 2 Tim 1.9; cf. Jn 1.2–3 .
God our Savior (also 2.10; 3.4; 1 Tim 1.1; 2.3; 4.10 ).
Christ Jesus our Savior (also 2.13; 3.6; 2 Tim 1.10 ).
Elders … bishop, here apparently regarded as synonymous or at least overlapping categories (cf. 1 Tim 3.1–7; 5.17–20 ).
Rebellious, lit. “insubordinate” (also 1.10 ).
Steward, manager of the household (cf. 1 Cor 4.1–2 ).
Sound doctrine, see 1 Tim 4.6n.
Those of the circumcision, Jewish Christians who teach adherence to Torah, the law of Moses (see Gal 2.12 ), including dietary laws (see v. 15 ).
Upsetting whole families, lit. “households,” the basic unit of civic and church life.
Invective against opponents supported by a hexameter from the Cretan poet Epimenides (ca. 600 BCE).
Sound in the faith, having a “healthy” faith (also 2.2; see 1 Tim 4.6n. ).
Jewish myths, see 1 Tim 1.4n.
Cf. Rom 14.14 .
Good work, see 2.7,14; 3.1,8,14 (also 3.8n. ).
1.1–4 : Salutation,
with theological expansion reminiscent of Rom 1.2–6 (cf. 1 Cor 2.7; Col 1.26; 2 Tim 1.10 ).
2 :
God, who never lies, cf. v. 12 . Before the ages began, see 2 Tim 1.9; cf. Jn 1.2–3 .
3 :
God our Savior (also 2.10; 3.4; 1 Tim 1.1; 2.3; 4.10 ).
4 :
Christ Jesus our Savior (also 2.13; 3.6; 2 Tim 1.10 ).
1.5–16 : Titus's commission in Crete.
5–7 :
Elders … bishop, here apparently regarded as synonymous or at least overlapping categories (cf. 1 Tim 3.1–7; 5.17–20 ).
6 :
Rebellious, lit. “insubordinate” (also 1.10 ).
7 :
Steward, manager of the household (cf. 1 Cor 4.1–2 ).
9 :
Sound doctrine, see 1 Tim 4.6n.
10 :
Those of the circumcision, Jewish Christians who teach adherence to Torah, the law of Moses (see Gal 2.12 ), including dietary laws (see v. 15 ).
11 :
Upsetting whole families, lit. “households,” the basic unit of civic and church life.
12 :
Invective against opponents supported by a hexameter from the Cretan poet Epimenides (ca. 600 BCE).
13 :
Sound in the faith, having a “healthy” faith (also 2.2; see 1 Tim 4.6n. ).
14 :
Jewish myths, see 1 Tim 1.4n.
15 :
Cf. Rom 14.14 .
16 :
Good work, see 2.7,14; 3.1,8,14 (also 3.8n. ).