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Lamentations
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Daniel
Hosea
Joel
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Nahum
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Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
Tobit
Judith
Esther (additions)
Wisdom of Solomon
Ecclesiasticus/Sirach
Baruch
Letter of Jeremiah
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Bel and the Dragon
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1 Esdras
Manasseh
Psalm 151
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The Oxford Bible Commentary
Line-by-line commentary for the New Revised Standard Version Bible.
Acknowledgements
General Introduction
Studying the Bible.
Biblical Criticism.
Post-Critical Movements.
The Biblical Canon.
How to Use this Commentary.
Introduction to the Old Testament
The Old Testament Canon.
Collecting the Hebrew Scriptures.
Writing the Hebrew Scriptures.
Language.
The Text.
Ancient Translations of the Old Testament.
Contents of the Old Testament.
Themes of the Old Testament.
References
Introduction to the Pentateuch
What is the Pentateuch?
The Documentary Hypothesis.
The Logic of Source-Criticism.
An Example of a Source-Critical Argument: The Analysis of the Flood Story (Gen 6–9 ) into its sources.
A Second Example: The Dating of the Priestly Source (P).
The Preliterary Origins of the Pentateuch.
The Theology of the Pentateuchal Sources.
Law.
Recent Questioning of the Classical Documentary Theory.
Review and Assessment.
References
Genesis
Introduction
Literary Genre.
Types of Material.
Composition.
The Date of Genesis.
Themes.
Commentary on Genesis
References
Exodus
Introduction
Exodus as Literature.
Exodus and History.
Exodus as Theology.
Exodus and the Reader.
Commentary on Exodus
References
Leviticus
Introduction
History of the Tradition.
Importance of the Cult to Ancient Israel.
Women and the Cult.
Leviticus and the Actual Temple Cult.
Commentary on Leviticus
References
Numbers
Introduction
Source and Tradition.
Structure.
Leading Themes.
Outline
Commentary on Numbers
References
Deuteronomy
Introduction
Name.
Place within the Canon.
Literary Genre and Structure.
History of Research.
Historical Background.
Sources.
Literary History.
Outline
Commentary on Deuteronomy
References
Joshua
Introduction
Subject Matter and Literary Genre.
The Religious Teaching.
Joshua and History.
Date and Place of Composition.
Commentary on Joshua
References
Judges
Introduction
The Story.
Relation to Actual History of Israel.
Judges as Part of a Larger Whole.
Ethics and the Book of Judges.
Commentary on Judges
References
Ruth
Introduction
Literary Structure.
Feminist readings.
Text.
Commentary on Ruth
References
1 & 2 Samuel
Introduction
Text.
Composition.
The Deuteronomistic History.
A Prophetic History.
Outline
Commentary on 1 Samuel
Commentary on 2 Samuel
References
1 & 2 Kings
Introduction
Authorship and Sources.
Historical Nature.
Commentary on 1 Kings
Commentary on 2 Kings
References
1 Chronicles
Introduction
Unity.
Date.
Theology.
Commentary on 1 Chronicles
Commentary on 2 Chronicles
References
Ezra–Nehemiah
Introduction
Subject-Matter and Literary Genre.
The Religious Teaching.
Date and Place of Composition.
Literary and Historical Problems.
The Sociology of Reading Ezra and Nehemiah.
Nehemiah and the Persian Court.
The Walls of Jerusalem.
Outline
Commentary on Ezra–Nehemiah
References
Esther
Introduction
Ancient Versions.
Provenance and Date.
Interpretative Problems and Canonicity.
Genre and Purpose.
Outline.
Commentary on Esther
References
Job
Introduction
Composition.
Structure.
Historical Setting.
Ancient Near-Eastern Parallels.
Canon and Text.
History of Interpretation.
Commentary on Job
References
Psalms
Introduction
History of Interpretation.
The Titles of the Psalms and Selâ.
The Development of the Psalter.
Classifying the Psalms.
The Pre-exilic New Year Festival.
Concepts from a Different Culture.
Imagery in the Psalms.
The Theology of the Psalms.
Problem Features in the Psalter.
The Numbering of the Psalms.
Commentary on Psalms
References
Proverbs
Introduction
Date and Authorship.
Outline
Commentary on Proverbs
References
Ecclesiastes
Introduction
Content.
Commentary on Ecclesiastes
References
The Song of Solomon
Introduction.
Place in the Hebrew Canon, Date, and Text.
Style and Structure.
Contents and Set of Characters.
Poetics, Forms, Imagery.
Ancient Extrabiblical Parallels.
Biblical Intertexts.
Epilogue: Directions for Reinterpretation.
References
Isaiah
Introduction
Commentary on Isaiah
References
Jeremiah
Introduction
The Tragedy.
Audience and Dating.
History of Interpretation.
Jeremiah.
Synchronic Interpretation.
The Versions.
Structure.
Commentary on Jeremiah
References
Lamentations
Introduction
Authorship, Date, and Place of Composition.
Theological Themes.
Text.
Scriptural Status.
Ancient Near-Eastern Parallels.
Commentary on Lamentations
References
Ezekiel
Introduction
Historical Background.
The Person of the Prophet.
Ezekiel and the Prophetic Tradition.
Textual Problems.
Themes.
G. Outline
Commentary on Ezekiel
References
Daniel
Introduction
Original Language.
Literary Form and Structure.
Historical Context.
Structure.
Commentary on Daniel
References
Hosea
Introduction
Hosea's Marriage and its Meaning.
The Book and its Redaction.
Commentary on Hosea
References
Joel
Introduction
Background.
The Message of Joel.
The Abiding Value of the Book.
Commentary on Joel
References
Amos
Introduction
Outline.
Style and Structure.
Composition.
Method.
Commentary on Amos
References
Obadiah
Introduction
The Book.
Israel and Edom.
Commentary on Obadiah
References
Jonah
Introduction
Commentary on Jonah
Micah
Introduction
The Book and its Formation.
Outline
Commentary on Micah
References
Nahum
Introduction
Text.
Redaction.
Dating.
Literary Features.
Theological Concerns.
Outline.
Commentary on Nahum
References
Habakkuk
Introduction
Unity and Method.
Commentary on Habakkuk
References
Zephaniah
Introduction
The Book.
Commentary on Zephaniah
References
Haggai
Introduction
Date and Place of Composition.
The Literature and its Formation.
Religious and Theological Issues.
Outline
Commentary on Haggai
References
Zechariah
Introduction
The Two Main Parts.
The Social and Religious Context.
Relation to Apocalyptic.
The Relation to Older Prophecy.
The Religious Teaching.
Commentary on Zechariah
References
Malachi
Introduction
Commentary on Malachi
References
Introduction to the Apocrypha
Introduction to the Apocrypha
History.
Use of the Apocrypha in the Early Church.
Identification of the Apocrypha as a Distinct Corpus.
Jewish Attitudes to the Books of the Apocrypha.
Description of the Books of the Apocrypha.
Historical Background.
The Apocryphal Books and History.
The Apocrypha and the Bible.
The Apocrypha as Independent Compositions.
The Impact of the Apocrypha.
References
Tobit
Introduction
Subject-Matter and Literary Genre.
The Religious Teaching.
Date and Place of Composition.
Canonicity.
Outline
Commentary on Tobit
References
Judith
Introduction
Genre.
Date.
Language and Culture.
Religious Beliefs and Practices.
Aesthetics and Ethics.
Commentary on Judith
References
Esther (Greek)
Introduction
Textual History.
The Additions: Introductory Issues.
Date and Provenance.
Purpose and Genre of LXX Esther.
Procedure in the Commentary.
G. Outline
Commentary on Esther (Greek)
References
The Wisdom of Solomon
Introduction
Form.
Setting.
Character.
Commentary on The Wisdom of Solomon
References
Ecclesiasticus, or The Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach
Introduction
Date.
Genre.
Ben Sira and Biblical Tradition.
The Text.
Structure and Composition.
Major Themes.
Canonicity and Influence.
Commentary on Ecclesiasticus, or The Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach
References
Baruch
Introduction
Text and Language.
Subject-Matter and Literary Genre.
The Religious Teaching.
Date and Place of Composition.
Canonicity.
Outline.
Commentary on Baruch
The Letter of Jeremiah
Introduction
Text and Language.
Subject-Matter and Literary Genre.
Date and Place of Composition.
Canonicity.
Outline.
Commentary on The Letter of Jeremiah
References
Additions to Daniel
Introduction
Text and Language.
Subject Matter and Literary Genre.
Date and Place of Composition.
Canonicity.
Outline.
Commentary on Additions to Daniel
References
1 Maccabees
Introduction
Author, Date, and Title.
The Author's Views.
Historiography.
Outline.
Commentary on 1 Maccabees
References
2 Maccabees
Introduction
Subject-Matter and Literary Genre.
The World-View of the Epitome.
Date and Place of Composition.
Commentary on 2 Maccabees
References
1 Esdras
Introduction
Nature, Scope, and Relationship to Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah.
Basic Structure and Contents.
Sources and Composition.
Language, Translation, and Transmission.
Provenance and Date.
Purpose and Theology.
Commentary on 1 Esdras
References
Prayer of Manasseh
Introduction
Literary Genre.
Narrative Context.
The Manasseh Traditions.
Religious Teaching.
Date and Provenance.
Function and Setting.
Canonicity.
Commentary on Prayer of Manasseh
References
Psalm 151
3 Maccabees
Text and Title.
Provenance.
Language and Genre.
Date.
The Plot.
Purpose.
Reference
2 Esdras
Introduction
Authorship.
The Date of 4 Ezra.
The Author's Audience and His Social Setting.
The Text of 2 Esdras.
The Structure of the Text.
2 Esdras 1–2 (= 5 Ezra).
2 Esdras 15–16 (= 6 Ezra).
Commentary on 2 Esdras
References
4 Maccabees
Introduction.
Outline.
Sources.
Authorship, Provenance, Date, and Occasion.
Theological Points of Interest.
References
Essay with Commentary on Post-Biblical Jewish Literature
Introduction
Major Genres
Bible Interpretation.
Law.
Apocalyptic.
Wisdom.
Hymns and Prayers.
Rules of Religious Associations.
Hagiography.
Anthology of Post-Biblical Texts
Bible Interpretation
B. Law
C. Apocalyptic
Wisdom
Hymns and Prayers
The Rules of Religious Associations
Hagiography
References
Introduction to the New Testament
Introduction.
The Idea of the New Testament.
The Background of the New Testament.
The Church of the New Testament.
Jesus and the New Testament.
References
Matthew
Introduction
Date and Place of Origin.
Matthew's Purpose and its Setting in Judaism.
Theology.
Story, Structure, and Plot.
The Nature of the Text.
Genre and Moral Instruction.
Commentary on Matthew
References
Mark
Introduction
Author.
Date.
Place.
Genre.
Key Themes.
Purpose.
Commentary on Mark
References
Luke
Introduction
Luke's Narrative.
The Question of Sources.
Luke the Evangelist.
Luke's Story.
Commentary on Luke
References
John
Introduction
The Gospel of John in a Historical Perspective.
Structure.
Suggested Outline.
Commentary on John
References
The Four Gospels in Synopsis
Outline
Gospel as a Literary Genre.
The Basic Interrelationship of the Gospels.
Proposed Solutions to the Synoptic Problem.
John and the Synoptic Gospels.
The Features of the Several Gospels Compared.
The Call of the First Disciples (Mt 4:18–22 ǁ Mk 1:16–20 ǁ Lk 5:1–11, cf. Jn 1:35–50 )
The Beatitudes (Mt 5:3–12; Lk 6:20–3, 24–6 )
The Second Sign at Cana or Capernaum (Mt 8:5–13; Lk 7:1–10; Jn 4:46–53 )
The Controversy over Beelzebul (Mt 12:24–32; Mk 3:22–30; Lk 11:15–23 + 12:10 )
The Walking on the Water (Mt 14:22–33 ǁ Mk 6:45–52 ǁ Jn 6:16–21 )
Jesus' Prayer in the Garden (Mt 26:36–46 ǁ Mk 14:32–42 ǁ Lk 22:39–46 )
References
Acts
Introduction
Authorship.
Date.
Audience.
Acts and the Gospel Story.
Genre.
Text.
Structure.
Outline.
Commentary on Acts
References
Introduction to the Pauline Corpus
Overview.
The Sources.
Paul's ‘Conversion’.
Paul's Formative Years.
The Chronology and Sequence of Paul's Mission.
Paul's Apostolic Modus Operandi.
The Letters.
The Thought within and beneath the Letters.
The Collection and Enduring Significance of the Letters.
References
Romans
Introduction
Provenance.
Literary Genre.
Purpose.
Issues of Interpretation.
Commentary on Romans
References
1 Corinthians
Introduction
Integrity.
Date.
Paul's Previous Dealings with the Corinthian Church.
The Corinthian Church.
F. Outline.
Commentary on 1 Corinthians
References
2 Corinthians
Introduction
Date and Social Setting.
Opponents.
Outline.
Commentary on 2 Corinthians
References
Galatians
Introduction
The Galatian Crisis.
The Recipients.
Date.
Genre.
Structure.
Commentary on Galatians
References
Ephesians
Introduction
Distinctive Features of Ephesians.
Was the Letter Written by Paul?
The Issue of Pseudepigraphy.
To Whom, From Where, When, and Why.
The Message of Ephesians in Summary.
The structure of Ephesians.
Commentary on Ephesians
References
Philippians
Introduction
The Addressees.
Paul's Situation.
Critical Questions.
‘Stoicism’ in Philippians.
The Structure of Philippians.
Commentary on Philippians
References
Colossians
Introduction
Authenticity.
Date of Composition.
The False Teaching.
Commentary on Colossians
References
1 Thessalonians
Introduction
The Nature of the Christ-Following Community in Thessalonica.
The Character of the Letter: Theology and Identity.
Outline.
Commentary on 1 Thessalonians
References
2 Thessalonians
Introduction
Structure.
Commentary on 2 Thessalonians
References
The Pastoral Epistles
Introduction
Authorship.
Character and Situation of the Pastorals.
Commentary on The Pastoral Epistles
References
Philemon
Introduction
Onesimus.
Commentary on Philemon
References
Hebrews
Introduction
Authorship.
Date.
Addressees.
Genre and Structure.
The Message of Hebrews.
Commentary on Hebrews
James
Introduction
Literary Genre and Subject-Matter.
The Religious Teaching.
The Author.
Date and Place of Composition.
Canonicity.
Outline.
Commentary on James
References
1 Peter
Introduction
Purpose.
Commentary on 1 Peter
References
2 Peter
Introduction
Literary Relationships.
Dating.
Genre.
Authorship.
Commentary on 2 Peter
Reference
1 John, 2 John, and 3 John
Introduction
Genre.
Commentary on 1 John
Commentary on 2 John
Commentary on 3 John
References
Jude
Introduction
Setting.
Jude's Use of Scripture.
Theological Characteristics.
Commentary on Jude
Revelation
Introduction
Author and Date.
Outline.
Commentary on Revelation
Extra-canonical early Christian literature
A.
The Apostolic Fathers
Commentary on Extra-canonical early Christian literature
References
Bibliographical Guide to Biblical Studies
Joel >
References
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References
Alt, A. (1953),
Kleine Schriften zur Geschichte des Volkes Israel
(Munich: C. H. Beck), ii.
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