The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Jews -
Introduction
The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Young Jews are placed between Dan 3.23 and 3.24 in two Greek versions of Daniel (Septuagint * and Theodotion) and in the Latin Vulgate. * They therefore constitute part of the Roman Catholic version of Daniel, but they appear only in the Apocrypha * of Protestant Bibles and do not appear in Jewish Bibles at all. The Prayer of Azariah is a typical form of the national or communal lament, * which appeals to God for mercy in a time of crisis, and the Song of the Three Young Jews is a typical psalm of praise, extolling God as creator.
The Prayer of Azariah was probably composed in the mid-second century BCE, about the same time as the visions of Dan 7–12 , to call for deliverance from Antiochus IV. The Song of the Three Young Jews was likely composed in the third to second centuries BCE, perhaps for use in the Temple * liturgy. * Both were originally written in either Hebrew or Aramaic * and later translated.