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The Oxford History of the Biblical World
An in-depth chaptered work by leading scholars providing a chronological overview of the history of biblical times.
- Preface
In the Beginning- Before Israel
- The Narratives of Genesis 12–50
- Syria-Palestine during the Late Third Millennium BCE
- The Decline of the Early Bronze Age
- Northern Syria and Mesopotamia during the Middle Bronze Age
- Western and Central Syria during the Middle Bronze Age
- The Lands of Canaan and Egypt during the Middle Bronze Age
- The Late Bronze Age
- The Amarna Letters
- Ugarit
- The Ancestral Narratives in the Light of Second-Millennium Discoveries
- Conclusion
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- Bitter Lives
- The Biblical Narrative
- The Literary and Historical Character of the Exodus Narrative
- Israel in Egypt
- The Route of the Exodus
- Biblical Dates and Numbers
- The Bible and Primary Historical Sources
- Historical Analogues to the Exodus Events
- The Date of the Exodus and Archaeology
- The Late Bronze Age
- Conclusion
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- Forging an Identity
- Early Written and Iconographic Sources
- The Conquest Narratives
- The Conquest Hypothesis
- The Archaeological Evidence of Early Israel and Neighboring Polities
- The Pastoral Nomad Hypothesis
- The Peasants' Revolt Hypothesis
- A Ruralization Hypothesis
- Midianites, Moses, and Monotheism
- Tribes and Tribalism in Early Israel
- The Arrival and Expansion of the Philistines
- Philistine Pottery
- Seaborne Migration
- Philistines and Egyptians
- Philistine Economy
- Urban Imposition
- Philistines and Israelites: Interaction and Conflict
- Conclusion
- Note
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- “There Was No King in Israel”
- Biblical Narrative: Judges, 1 Samuel, and Ruth
- The Shaping of the Narratives
- Who Should Rule? The Office of Judge
- Women's Lives
- Archaeology and Early Iron Age Settlement
- Israel's Neighbors in the Early Iron Age
- Ancient Inscriptions
- Religion in Earliest Israel
- Early Poetry
- Conclusion
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- Kinship and Kingship
- Biblical Sources for Reconstructing the Early Monarchy
- Other Sources for Reconstructing the Early Monarchy
- Interpretive Theories and Models
- Factors Relating to State Formation in Ancient Israel
- Material Features of the Early State in Israel
- Sociopolitical Features of the Early Monarchy
- Sacral-Royal Ideologies of the Monarchic State
- Change and Continuity in the Period of State Formation
- Conclusion
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- A Land Divided
- Into Exile
- A Note on Sources
- The Age of Hezekiah: Glory and Defeat
- Survival under Assyrian Vassalage
- Samaria as an Assyrian Province
- King Josiah and the Great Reform in Judah
- The Final Decades of the Judean Monarchy
- The Babylonian Exile: Continuity and Change
- The Fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the Hope of Return to Zion
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- Israel among the Nations
- Cultural Influences
- Chronology and Sources
- Cyrus and the Restoration
- The Homeland: People and Land
- The Empire and the Restored Community
- Inclusion and Exclusion in the Restored Community
- Postexilic Prophecy
- From Zerubbabel to Ezra-Nehemiah
- Ezra and Nehemiah
- Diaspora Judaism
- Events to 332
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- Between Alexandria and Antioch
- Alexander and the Jews
- The Period of Ptolemaic Dominance
- Esther, Judith, and Tobit
- Under the First Two Seleucid Kings
- Antiochus IV and the Jews
- Jewish Resistance under Judah Maccabee
- Jonathan and Simon as Jewish Leaders
- Hyrcanus, Aristobulus I, and Janneus
- From Queen Alexandra to General Pompey
- Daniel, 1 and 2 Maccabees
- Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes
- Jews and Samaritans, Jews and Non-Jews
- Conclusion
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- Visions of Kingdoms
- The Arrival of Roman Rule
- From the Hasmoneans to the Herodians
- The Reign of Herod
- Temple, Synagogues, and Sanhedrin
- From Herodian Tetrarchs to Roman Governors
- Social Movements
- Sadducees
- Pharisees
- The Essenes and the Dead Sea Scrolls
- Charismatic Prophets, Teachers, and Visionaries
- The Early Church
- Diaspora Judaism
- On the Eve of Revolt, 41–66 CE
- The Fall of Jerusalem
- The Aftermath of the War
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- Churches in Context
- Augustus Caesar: Savior, Founder, and Son of God
- Ruling in the Shadow of Greatness: The Reign of Tiberius
- Runaway Power: The Reign of Gaius
- To Be or Not to Be a God: The Reign of Claudius
- Times of Terror: The Reign of Nero
- A General Victorious: The Reign of Vespasian
- A Heroic Older Son: The Reign of Titus
- A Younger Brother's Revenge: The Reign of Domitian
- A Caretaker's Accomplishments: The Brief Reign of Nerva
- A New Ruler for a New Century: The Reign of Trajan
- Rebuilding the Empire: The Reign of Hadrian
- Conclusion
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- Epilogue Transitions and Trajectories
- The Jewish Revolts of the Second Century
- Jews in the Pre-Christian Roman Empire
- The Triumph of Christianity
- Julian the Apostate
- The Defeat of Paganism
- Christian Diversity
- Women in Early Christianity
- The “Fall of Rome”
- The Church in Late Antiquity
- Christian Rome and the Jews
- The Church and the Jews
- Judaism in Late Antiquity
- Jewish Women in the Roman Empire
- Islam and Jerusalem
- Select Bibliography
- Images from The Oxford History of the Biblical World
- Ivory Figurines from the Beer-sheba Region
- Tomb Painting from Beni Hasan and Faience Tiles from Medinet Habu
- Anthropoid Coffins and Israelite Pillared House
- Bull Figurine and Detail of Sarcophagus of King Ahiram
- Stela found at Dan and Seal Impressions
- Relief from the Palace of King Sennacherib
- Mosaic Map of the Holy Land and Coins
- Mosaic Map of the Holy Land and Coins
- General Bibliography
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